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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Adrian Noriega de la Colina1,2, Nila Z N Jan3, Caitlin S Walker4

  • 1McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The AGED phenotype, characterized by apathy, gait disturbance, and executive dysfunction, is a marker for vascular cognitive impairment. It shows higher prevalence in Mexican Americans and African Americans, suggesting an ethnic risk gradient for cognitive aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The AGED phenotype (Apathy, Gait Disturbance, Executive Dysfunction) is a potential early indicator of vascular cognitive impairment.
  • Understanding its prevalence and validity across diverse populations is crucial for early intervention in cognitive aging.
  • This study investigates the AGED phenotype's prevalence, cross-ethnic validity, and links to vascular risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and cross-ethnic validity of the AGED phenotype.
  • To explore associations between the AGED phenotype and vascular risk factors.
  • To assess the AGED phenotype's utility as an early marker for cognitive decline and risk stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from discovery cohorts (DASH, HABS) and external validation in a large, multi-ethnic cohort (HABS-HD).
  • Defined the AGED phenotype using apathy, gait speed, and executive function tests.
  • Employed k-means clustering to identify risk strata and analyzed vascular risk factors across clusters.

Main Results:

  • Three AGED clusters (low, intermediate, high-risk) were identified and validated across cohorts.
  • The high-risk AGED phenotype (slow gait, executive dysfunction, apathy) was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and cognitive impairment.
  • Prevalence varied by ethnicity, with higher rates in Mexican Americans (21.6%) and African Americans (17.3%) compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (11.8%).

Conclusions:

  • The AGED phenotype is a valid marker for vascular cognitive impairment, demonstrating an ethnic risk gradient.
  • Its generalizability is confirmed through external validation in a diverse population.
  • The AGED phenotype shows promise as a preclinical marker for early intervention in cognitive decline, particularly in at-risk ethnic groups.