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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Related Experiment Video

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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Chinedu T Udeh-Momoh1

  • 1Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi Province, Nairobi, Kenya.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary

Africa-FINGERS is a novel clinical trial addressing dementia risk in Africa by integrating genetic diversity with culturally tailored interventions and biomarker analysis. This precision prevention approach aims to improve brain health equity in underrepresented populations.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Africa faces unique dementia risk challenges due to genetic, cultural, and environmental diversity.
  • Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including African nations, are projected to bear over 60% of dementia cases by 2050.
  • Existing dementia risk models lack generalizability in African populations, necessitating context-specific research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the first precision prevention clinical trial for dementia risk reduction in Africa (Africa-FINGERS).
  • To integrate validated dementia risk scores with biomarker-informed early detection and culturally tailored interventions.
  • To address the critical underrepresentation of African populations in dementia prevention research.

Main Methods:

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  • Implementing the Africa-FINGERS trial, based on the WW-FINGERS framework, with culturally informed multidomain interventions (cognitive, cardiometabolic, nutritional, social).
  • Utilizing community-based system dynamics for stakeholder engagement and sustainability.
  • Leveraging vanguard epidemiological cohorts in Kenya and Nigeria with deep phenotyping (neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers, neuropsychological assessments).

    • Main Results:

    • Preliminary analyses show high concordance between traditional risk scores and biomarker profiles in African populations after contextual modifications.
    • Hypertension, elevated fasting blood glucose, and social isolation identified as key modifiable dementia risk factors.
    • Deep immunophenotyping and multiplex assays offer novel insights into disease pathways for precision strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Africa-FINGERS pioneers a scalable, biomarker-driven dementia prevention model for LMICs, advancing brain health equity.
    • The trial aligns with global initiatives, enabling cross-cohort analyses to identify shared and unique dementia risk factors.
    • Inclusive precision prevention approaches are crucial, positioning Africa as a key contributor to global dementia research.