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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Public Health.

Leslie Grasset1, Geneviève Chêne2, Carole Dufouil1

  • 1Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia risk profiles reveal socioeconomic status significantly impacts brain aging and dementia risk, independent of genetics. Lower socioeconomic status is linked to higher dementia risk and reduced brain volumes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dementia arises from lifelong exposures, necessitating an integrative approach to understand pathological brain aging.
  • Multifactorial interactions between determinants contribute to dementia risk.
  • Exploratory analysis is proposed to identify dementia risk profiles and associated brain MRI markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct clusters of individuals based on dementia risk factors.
  • To investigate the association between these clusters and dementia risk over five years.
  • To examine the relationship between clusters and brain MRI markers, including structural volumes and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).

Main Methods:

  • Latent class analysis applied to 2257 dementia-free participants from the Memento study.
  • Clustering based on modifiable dementia risk factors: socioeconomic status (SES), vascular risks, and lifestyle.
  • Cox proportional-hazard models for dementia risk and linear mixed models for brain MRI markers (structural and WMH) evolution.

Main Results:

  • Four risk factor clusters identified: low SES/high vascular/suboptimal lifestyle (n=275), mixed SES/high vascular/fair lifestyle (n=635), high SES/medium vascular/mixed lifestyle (n=856), and intermediate SES/low vascular/healthy lifestyle (n=491).
  • The low SES cluster showed significantly higher dementia risk (HR=2.02) and lower brain/hippocampal volumes compared to the high SES cluster.
  • Lower SES profiles were associated with reduced brain volumes, while vascular risk profiles influenced cerebrovascular lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Socioeconomic status is a predominant factor influencing dementia risk, independent of genetic predisposition (APOE-ε4 status).
  • Brain structural volumes are significantly impacted by lower socioeconomic status.
  • Cerebrovascular lesions are primarily influenced by the vascular risk profile.