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Public Health
Maryenela Illanes-Manrique1,2,3, Pilar Giron-Davila3, Larry D Adams4,5
1Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
Summary
Social determinants of health like neighborhood and education are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in Peru. Understanding these factors is key to developing new AD prevention and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Public Health
- Genetics
Background:
- Social, behavioral, and environmental determinants of health (SDOH) significantly impact health outcomes, including dementia.
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing global health concern, necessitating research into its diverse risk factors.
- Understanding SDOH in diverse populations like Peru is crucial for equitable AD research and intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key social, behavioral, and environmental determinants of health (SDOH) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Peruvian population.
- To compare SDOH between individuals with AD and cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals within the Peruvian Alzheimer´s Disease Initiative (PeADI) and Global LAtino Sequencing Study for Alzheimer's Disease (GLASS-AD) cohorts.
- To lay the groundwork for understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in AD pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Development and expert review of the Social Determinants of Brain Health Questionnaire (SDOBH-Q) with linguistic adaptation for the Peruvian context.
- Administration of the SDOBH-Q to over 200 AD cases and 200 CU individuals across rural Andean highlands and coastal urban regions in Peru.
- Analysis of the association between SDOH and AD status using multivariable regressions, controlling for age, gender, and population substructure.
Main Results:
- The revised SDOBH-Q comprises 15 sections and 79 questions.
- Preliminary data from 170 participants indicate significant differences in neighborhood, education, healthcare access, and economic conditions between AD cases and CU individuals.
- Pilot assessment completed by 28 CU volunteers from Lima and Huancayo.
Conclusions:
- Specific SDOH, including neighborhood characteristics, educational attainment, healthcare access, economic status, and environmental factors, may elevate AD risk in older Peruvian adults.
- Comprehensive understanding of gene-environment interactions is vital for advancing AD and related dementia research globally.
- Identifying population-specific SDOH is critical for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease.
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