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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Public Health.

Maryenela Illanes-Manrique1,2,3, Pilar Giron-Davila3, Larry D Adams4,5

  • 1Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social determinants of health like neighborhood and education are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in Peru. Understanding these factors is key to developing new AD prevention and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Social, behavioral, and environmental determinants of health (SDOH) significantly impact health outcomes, including dementia.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing global health concern, necessitating research into its diverse risk factors.
  • Understanding SDOH in diverse populations like Peru is crucial for equitable AD research and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key social, behavioral, and environmental determinants of health (SDOH) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Peruvian population.
  • To compare SDOH between individuals with AD and cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals within the Peruvian Alzheimer´s Disease Initiative (PeADI) and Global LAtino Sequencing Study for Alzheimer's Disease (GLASS-AD) cohorts.
  • To lay the groundwork for understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in AD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Development and expert review of the Social Determinants of Brain Health Questionnaire (SDOBH-Q) with linguistic adaptation for the Peruvian context.
  • Administration of the SDOBH-Q to over 200 AD cases and 200 CU individuals across rural Andean highlands and coastal urban regions in Peru.
  • Analysis of the association between SDOH and AD status using multivariable regressions, controlling for age, gender, and population substructure.

Main Results:

  • The revised SDOBH-Q comprises 15 sections and 79 questions.
  • Preliminary data from 170 participants indicate significant differences in neighborhood, education, healthcare access, and economic conditions between AD cases and CU individuals.
  • Pilot assessment completed by 28 CU volunteers from Lima and Huancayo.

Conclusions:

  • Specific SDOH, including neighborhood characteristics, educational attainment, healthcare access, economic status, and environmental factors, may elevate AD risk in older Peruvian adults.
  • Comprehensive understanding of gene-environment interactions is vital for advancing AD and related dementia research globally.
  • Identifying population-specific SDOH is critical for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease.