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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Phuong Thuy Nguyen Ho1, Anna van Houwelingen1, Elisabeth J Vinke1

  • 1Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modifiable dementia risk factors like diabetes and hypertension are linked to brain changes and faster cognitive decline. Managing these factors may help slow dementia progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The Lancet Commission identified 14 modifiable risk factors contributing significantly to dementia cases.
  • Understanding the brain mechanisms linking these factors to dementia is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between 12 modifiable risk factors and four intermediate dementia-related outcomes.
  • To explore the impact of risk factors on amyloid pathology, vascular pathology, hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Included 635 dementia-free participants from the prospective Rotterdam Study with amyloid PET scans.
  • Assessed 12 modifiable risk factors at baseline and measured amyloid pathology, vascular pathology, hippocampal volume, and cognitive function over time using PET and MRI.
  • Employed logistic regressions and mixed effects models, adjusting for age, sex, APOE4, intracranial volume, and education.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes and hypertension were associated with increased amyloid pathology risk.
  • Hypertension and overweight were linked to higher vascular pathology risk.
  • Smoking correlated with more severe hippocampal atrophy, while hypertension, overweight, and excessive alcohol consumption predicted steeper cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Modifiable dementia risk factors differentially impact intermediate brain and cognitive outcomes.
  • These risk factors appear more strongly associated with cognitive decline than with underlying brain pathologies.
  • Further replication studies are necessary to confirm these findings.