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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may elevate default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity (FC) in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) before Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset. This unique FC signature in DS-OSA patients decreases with cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Disrupted functional connectivity (FC) in default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN) is observed in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Research on OSA's effect on FC in Down syndrome (DS), a population with high prevalence of both OSA and AD pathology, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if DMN and FPN FC are disrupted in older adults with DS and OSA.
  • To determine if these disruptions are associated with cognitive impairment due to AD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional MRI data from 75 participants in the ABC-DS study.
  • Calculated within-network and between-network FC for DMN and FPN using the CONN Toolbox.
  • Assessed group differences in FC based on OSA status and cognitive status (cognitively stable vs. cognitively impaired).

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction between OSA and cognitive diagnosis was found for DMN FC, with higher FC in cognitively stable individuals with OSA (CS-OSA) compared to cognitively impaired individuals with OSA (CI-OSA).
  • Similar trends were observed for FPN FC.
  • No significant FC differences were found between cognitively stable and impaired individuals without OSA, or between cognitively impaired groups with and without OSA.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with DS and OSA exhibit a unique FC signature characterized by elevated DMN FC prior to AD-related cognitive impairment.
  • This elevated FC appears to decrease following the onset of AD symptoms.
  • Findings suggest OSA influences brain connectivity in DS independently of AD pathology, highlighting a potential early biomarker.