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Public Health.

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Government cash transfers improved cognitive function in older adults. This suggests universal basic income programs may help prevent dementia in low-resource settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Economics

Background:

  • Higher income correlates with better health and longevity, and lower dementia risk.
  • The impact of government income supplementation on health and dementia prevention remains unclear.
  • The Malawi Social Cash Transfer Program (SCTP) was studied to assess income supplementation's effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if income supplementation via a government program can aid in dementia prevention.
  • To evaluate the effect of the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Program (SCTP) on neurocognitive performance in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial of the Malawi SCTP involving 3,531 households.
  • Early entry (treatment) vs. delayed entry (control) to cash transfers.
  • Neurocognitive tests (word-recall, digit-span, Raven's-matrix) administered to 3,030 older adults (avg. age 54) in 2021.
  • Intention-to-treat analysis using linear regression, with sensitivity analyses for sex and individual tests.

Main Results:

  • Participants in the early-entry group showed higher composite neurocognitive scores (b=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13).
  • The positive effects were more pronounced in women compared to men.
  • Digit-span backwards tests showed a greater improvement than other cognitive tests.

Conclusions:

  • The Malawi government cash supplement program significantly enhanced neurocognitive performance in older adults.
  • Findings indicate that universal basic income initiatives in resource-limited areas could mitigate cognitive decline and reduce dementia risk.