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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Objective electroencephalography (EEG) measures demonstrated the highest reliability for tracking sleep changes in older adults, aiding future Alzheimer disease (AD) research. These findings are crucial for designing effective longitudinal studies on sleep and AD pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Sleep disturbances are linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology and cognitive decline.
  • Longitudinal studies combining sleep, AD biomarkers, and cognition are scarce.
  • Understanding sleep changes in aging individuals with and without AD pathology is vital for future research design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the longitudinal reliability of various sleep measures in older adults with and without amyloid positivity.
  • To determine the most reliable sleep metrics for future aging and AD research.
  • To estimate sample sizes needed for longitudinal observational studies.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal assessment of sleep over ~3.5 years using self-reports and at-home electroencephalography (EEG).
  • Amyloid PET imaging and cognitive assessments were conducted longitudinally.
  • Test-retest reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC); power analysis estimated sample sizes.

Main Results:

  • EEG-derived spectral power measures exhibited the highest test-retest reliability, followed by EEG sleep staging/duration, and then self-reported sleep.
  • Spectral power measures required the smallest sample sizes for detecting longitudinal changes.
  • Factor analysis identified five distinct sleep factors from the collected data.

Conclusions:

  • Objective EEG measures offer the greatest reliability for assessing sleep changes over time in older adults, irrespective of amyloid status.
  • These findings are essential for optimizing the design of future longitudinal studies investigating the sleep-AD relationship.