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Public Health
Neika Sharifian1,2, Yunnuo Zhu1,2, Felicia R Carey1
1Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
Summary
Military service, particularly in high-risk occupations or with conditions like PTSD, is linked to increased rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) in veterans. This highlights unique service-related risks for cognitive decline.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and Neurology: Investigating cognitive decline and dementia in aging populations.
- Military Health: Examining health outcomes specific to military service members and veterans.
Background:
- Global aging populations and increased life expectancy are raising the burden of cognitive impairment and dementias.
- Veterans face general aging risks for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs), plus service-specific factors like TBI, PTSD, and occupational exposures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the incidence and correlates of MCI and ADRDs in post-9/11 veterans.
- To utilize over 20 years of longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study for comprehensive analysis.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study of 146,670 post-9/11 veterans from the Millennium Cohort Study (2001-2024).
- MCI and ADRD cases identified via ICD-9/10 codes from electronic health records.
- Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates calculated per 100,000 person-years.
Main Results:
- Incidence rates: 25.82 per 100,000 person-years for MCI (1,759 cases) and 6.86 for ADRD (661 cases).
- Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia were the most common diagnosed dementias.
- Higher MCI/ADRD rates associated with Army service, high-risk blast exposure occupations, PTSD, depression, hearing loss, and smoking.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest unique military-related risk factors contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia development.
- Results can inform policies and interventions to mitigate long-term cognitive health risks associated with military service.
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