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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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Public Health.

Monica M Diaz1, Eder Herrera-Perez2, Nilton Custodio3

  • 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) and depression are prevalent in urban-marginalized areas. Lower education, socioeconomic status, and hypertension are key risk factors for NCDs, while depression affects 40% of adults, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and depression present significant public health challenges, especially in urban-marginalized regions of low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • Socioeconomic disparities in these areas exacerbate mental health concerns.
  • Risk factors for NCDs in younger and older adults in Latin America's urban-marginalized settings remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) and depression.
  • Focus on community-dwelling younger and older adults in Puente Piedra, an urban-marginalized district of Lima, Peru.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based study was conducted from July to September 2022.
  • Included 900 community-dwelling adults aged 30+ via door-to-door visits and structured questionnaires.
  • Utilized Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for assessments.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive normality was found in 75.6% of participants; 20.1% had possible NCD without functional impairment, and 4.2% with impairment.
  • Depression was prevalent in 40% of the study population.
  • Identified risk factors for NCDs in older adults: lower education and socioeconomic status. In younger adults: lower education, non-Spanish native language, hypertension, and depression. Depression risk factors included female sex, lower education, non-Spanish native language, overcrowding, and chronic disease history.

Conclusions:

  • Potentially modifiable factors like hypertension, education level, and depression are linked to NCDs in Peru's urban-marginalized populations.
  • Findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions and policies to address mental health and healthcare disparities in LMICs.
  • Interventions should focus on improving educational access, managing hypertension, and providing mental health support in underserved communities.