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Vincent Doyon1, Félix Janelle2, Samantha Côté1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular narrowing of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) is linked to increased tau levels and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintaining AChA health may be crucial for halting AD progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Pathological tau propagation in the brain occurs in a prion-like manner.
  • The initial seeding of tau pathology in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) remains unclear.
  • Vascular health markers, including cerebral blood flow and arterial narrowing, are associated with tau burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that vascular narrowing of MTL arteries is associated with tau levels and cognitive decline.
  • To investigate the role of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • To explore the relationship between arterial diameter, tau burden, and cognitive deterioration.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed tau burden (PET) and MTL artery size (MRI) in healthy and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cohorts.
  • Evaluated the association between arterial diameter and cognitive decline progression.
  • Used super-selective arterial spin labelling (SS-ASL) MRI to determine AChA and PCA perfusion patterns in the MTL.

Main Results:

  • AChA lumen diameter negatively correlated with amygdala tau levels in the OASIS dataset.
  • AChA diameter was the sole Circle of Willis artery associated with cognitive decline progression in MCI patients.
  • SS-ASL data indicated that amygdala perfusion is primarily dependent on the AChA.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first evidence of an artery-specific vascular effect on key AD features.
  • Vascular health of the AChA is critical for potentially halting AD progression.
  • Compromised AChA contributes to the selective vulnerability of the MTL to tau pathology.