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Combining stationary cycling with virtual reality (VR) cognitive training reduces simulator sickness and cognitive overload in older adults. This multimodal approach enhances cognitive resilience and may improve adherence for those at risk of dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive cognitive training for older adults.
  • Simulator sickness and high cognitive workload can limit VR participation.
  • Integrating physical activity may mitigate these challenges and boost engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of combining stationary cycling with VR cognitive training on older adults.
  • To assess simulator sickness, cognitive workload, and perceived exertion.
  • To evaluate adherence rates in different intervention groups.

Main Methods:

  • 63 older adults (50-85 years) were randomized into VR-Only, Cycling-Only, or VR with Cycling groups.
  • Assessments included NASA-TLX (cognitive workload), Borg RPE (physical exertion), and SSC (simulator sickness).
  • Data collected weekly for 16 weeks; analyzed using mixed-effects models and ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • The VR-Only group reported significantly higher simulator sickness and cognitive workload than the VR with Cycling group.
  • The VR with Cycling group showed a more gradual increase in discomfort and fewer symptom spikes.
  • Adherence was highest in VR-Only (80.95%), followed by Cycling-Only (75%), and lowest in VR with Cycling (70%).

Conclusions:

  • Integrating stationary cycling with VR cognitive training is a promising strategy to reduce simulator sickness and cognitive overload in older adults.
  • Multimodal interventions can support cognitive health and potentially enhance long-term adherence.
  • This approach may be pivotal for early interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.