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Updated: Jan 7, 2026
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Published on: August 22, 2012
Public Health
Aonan Li1, Shaojiong Zhou1, Jie Chang2
1Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, Beijing, China.
Background:
The relationship between falls and dementia risk remains unclear. This study aims to investigate this association and assess the impact of genetic risk on this relationship.
Method:
We included 351,770 participants from the UK Biobank who were free from dementia at baseline. A Cox model was used to estimate the relationship between falls and dementia risk.
Result:
After a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 5,821 developed dementia. Compared to individuals without a history of falls, individuals with single and multiple falls had hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.16-1.33) and 1.79 (95% CI, 1.64-1.94), respectively. This risk was more pronounced in individuals with better cognitive function at baseline. Those experienced single falls demonstrated reduced whole-brain gray matter volume (β = -1526.601, p = 0.036) and parahippocampal gyrus volume (βleft = -22.420, p = 0.004; βright = -16.862, p = 0.037), whereas those experienced multiple falls, in addition to these findings, demonstrated increased deep white matter hyperintensities (β = 76.602, p = 0.023) and decreased gray matter volume in the hippocampus (βleft = -10.940, p = 0.027; βright = -13.641, p = 0.008). Furthermore, falls and polygenic risk scores showed a significant interaction (p = 0.001), with higher dementia risk observed in individuals with multiple falls and high genetic risk.
Conclusion:
Falls are an early predictor of dementia risk, and genetic susceptibility facilitates this association. Falls indicate potential atrophy in cognition-related brain regions. Falls are a simple and easily observable sign for dementia screening.
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