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Related Experiment Video

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Public Health.

Julia L Sheffler1, Ravinder Nagpal2

  • 1Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The Modified Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet (MKD) may offer unique benefits for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk reduction compared to the Mediterranean Diet (MEDDIET). A community program effectively supported older adults in adhering to both dietary patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Gerontology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk is linked to multiple mechanisms.
  • Both Mediterranean (MEDDIET) and Modified Mediterranean Ketogenic diets (MKD) show potential benefits for ADRD risk reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of MEDDIET and MKD adherence across multiple systems in a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT).
  • To examine the role of adherence in a real-world setting through community-style programs.

Main Methods:

  • A 10-week pilot RCT involving 31 underrepresented older adults from rural areas.
  • Participants were randomized to either MEDDIET or MKD within the "Improving Cognitive Aging through Nutrition" (ICAN) program.
  • Outcomes included biological, cognitive, adherence, and psychosocial measures, with adherence assessed via surveys and urine ketone testing.

Main Results:

  • The ICAN program facilitated good adherence to both MEDDIET and MKD, indicating real-world applicability.
  • Significant differences were observed in memory, weight loss, blood glucose, cholesterol, and gut metabolites based on diet adherence.
  • Adherence to each diet correlated with specific clinical measure improvements.

Conclusions:

  • The Modified Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet (MKD) may offer distinct advantages for ADRD risk reduction over the MEDDIET.
  • The ICAN program is a feasible model for empowering older adults to adopt either dietary pattern.
  • This study highlights the potential of dietary interventions in managing cognitive aging and dementia risk.