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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Sasha Milton1, Jiahe Wei2, Haizhen Chen2

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian rhythm disruption, indicated by low rest-activity rhythm amplitude or mesor, is linked to increased dementia risk in adults over 65. This suggests circadian changes may signal early dementia development.

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Growing evidence links circadian rhythm disturbances to dementia risk.
  • The precise role of circadian shifts (risk factor vs. prodromal marker) is unclear, particularly across different age groups.
  • Investigating this association from middle to old age can clarify the relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between rest-activity rhythm (RAR) parameters and all-cause dementia (ACD) risk across different age strata.
  • To determine if circadian rhythm disruption serves as a risk factor or prodromal marker for dementia.
  • To explore potential interactions between RAR parameters and age in relation to dementia risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of wrist actigraphy data from 86,734 dementia-free UK Biobank participants (aged 42-78).
  • Calculation of RAR parameters: amplitude, mesor, and pseudo-F.
  • Stratification into age groups (≤65, 66-70, >70) and comparison of incident ACD risk using Cox models, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Lower quartiles of RAR amplitude and mesor were associated with significantly increased ACD risk in individuals aged 66-70 and >70 years.
  • Hazard ratios for lowest amplitude quartile (66-70: 1.71; >70: 1.36) and mesor quartile (66-70: 2.05; >70: 1.50) were elevated.
  • No significant association was found for the highest quartiles of amplitude/mesor or for pseudo-F; RAR-age interactions were not significant.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced rest-activity rhythm amplitude and mesor are linked to higher all-cause dementia risk in adults over 65.
  • Circadian disruption may serve as a prodromal marker for dementia in older populations.
  • These findings underscore the importance of circadian health in aging and dementia prevention.