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Summary
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Structural racism is linked to increased white matter hyperintensity (WMH) changes in English-speaking Latinx adults. This suggests racism may impact cerebrovascular health through chronic stress and inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Structural racism is a social determinant of health, contributing to chronic stress and health disparities.
  • Previous research indicates a correlation between structural racism and cognitive decline in older adults.
  • Evidence is lacking on how structural racism impacts specific brain outcomes, particularly in middle-aged and diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between structural racism exposure and brain outcomes in middle-aged adults.
  • To examine if structural racism moderates the relationship between age and brain structural outcomes.
  • To explore racial and ethnic differences in the impact of racism on brain health.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 398 middle-aged adults (69% Latinx) was analyzed.
  • An index of high racism exposure was created using self-reported discrimination and residential segregation data.
  • Brain outcomes, including cortical thickness, hippocampus volume, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, were assessed using MRI.

Main Results:

  • Higher racism exposure was most prevalent in non-Latinx Black (61%) and English-speaking Latinx (42%) individuals.
  • A significant interaction was found among English-speaking Latinx individuals: higher racism exposure amplified the age-related increase in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume.
  • No significant associations were observed for other brain outcomes or racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions:

  • In this predominantly Latinx cohort, higher racism exposure is associated with accelerated white matter hyperintensity (WMH) changes in English-speaking Latinx individuals.
  • These findings suggest that structural racism may negatively impact cerebrovascular health, potentially mediated by chronic stress and inflammation.
  • Racism's effects on brain health may manifest more through vascular pathways than direct neuronal impact.