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Summary
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Poor sleep quality in older adults impacts memory, but increasing physical activity benefits memory more in those with poor sleep. Personalized interventions should consider sleep quality for better results.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • The relationship between 24-hour time-use composition (sleep, physical activity, sedentary behaviors) and cognitive performance is established in older adults.
  • The moderating role of sleep quality on this relationship remains under-investigated.
  • This study examines how sleep quality influences the association between time-use composition and cognition in non-demented older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of sleep quality on the association between 24-hour time-use composition and cognitive performance in older adults.
  • To determine if sleep quality modifies the relationship between daily activity patterns and cognitive functions like memory, executive function, and processing speed.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized baseline data from the ACTIVate study (n=368, mean age=65).
  • Assessed 24-hour time-use composition via self-reported Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults.
  • Categorized participants into 'good' (<5) or 'poor' (≥5) sleep quality groups using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  • Measured cognitive performance (memory, executive function, processing speed) using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.
  • Employed multiple linear regression, adjusting for covariates, to analyze associations within sleep quality subgroups.

Main Results:

  • Poor sleep quality was associated with more time in chores/quiet time and less in sport/exercise/household administration compared to good sleepers.
  • Time-use composition was linked to memory performance in poor sleepers (p=0.04) but not good sleepers (p=0.26).
  • Executive function and processing speed showed no significant associations with time-use composition in either group.
  • For poor sleepers, reallocating time to sport/exercise (especially from sleep or quiet time) improved memory.
  • For good sleepers, increasing sport/exercise improved memory only when time was reallocated from screen time.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective sleep quality significantly alters the association between 24-hour time use and memory performance in older adults.
  • Individuals with poor sleep quality experience greater memory benefits from increased sport/exercise.
  • Personalized 24-hour time-use interventions should incorporate sleep quality as a key factor for optimizing cognitive outcomes, particularly memory.