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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Public Health.

Raphael Machado Castilhos1, Natan Feter2, Ana Luísa Patrão3

  • 1Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early menopause and longer menstruation duration are linked to faster cognitive decline. This study in ELSA-Brasil highlights potential dementia risk factors in women.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding early menopause (EM) and total menstruation time (menacme) as dementia risk factors.
  • The Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) aims to clarify these associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate early menopause (menopause ≤ 45 years) as a risk factor for cognitive decline.
  • To assess the association between total menstruation time (menacme) and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Data from 15,105 ELSA-Brasil participants (2008-2010) were analyzed, focusing on 8218 women.
  • Cognitive function was assessed approximately 8 years later.
  • Mixed linear models adjusted for age and dementia risk factors were used.

Main Results:

  • Early menopause was reported by 31.3% of women who had ceased menstruating.
  • Women with early menopause had shorter menacme duration.
  • Early menopause and longer menacme were independently associated with more rapid cognitive decline over 8 years.

Conclusions:

  • Early menopause and longer menacme are associated with accelerated cognitive decline.
  • These reproductive factors may represent important targets for dementia risk assessment.