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Public Health.

Francis B Kolo1, Sophia Lu2, Alexa S Beiser3,4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Midlife hearing loss is linked to accelerated brain aging, reduced executive function, and nearly double the risk of dementia. Addressing hearing loss may be key to preventing cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Age-related hearing loss (HL) is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia.
  • Understanding the relationship between hearing thresholds and brain health is crucial for dementia prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between pure tone average (PTA) hearing thresholds and measures of brain aging, vascular injury, and cognitive function.
  • To determine if midlife hearing loss predicts the risk of developing dementia over time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1656 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age 58) free of stroke and dementia.
  • Calculated PTA thresholds and defined hearing loss categories; employed multivariate regression and Cox proportional hazards models.
  • Assessed brain MRI, cognitive function, and incident dementia over 4-8 years, adjusting for covariates like age, sex, education, and APOE-4 status.

Main Results:

  • Mild hearing loss correlated with smaller brain volumes (equivalent to 1.75 years of aging) and executive function decline.
  • Higher PTA was associated with increased white matter hyperintensity volume.
  • Slight or greater hearing loss (>16 dB) increased dementia risk by 71%, particularly in APOE-4 carriers.

Conclusions:

  • Midlife hearing loss is associated with accelerated brain aging, cognitive decline, and increased dementia risk.
  • These findings suggest hearing loss may play a causal or biomarker role in dementia development.
  • Interventions targeting midlife hearing loss could be a strategy for dementia prevention.