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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Xiaowen Zhou1,2,3, Hanzhi Deng4, Qianhua Zhao1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated cognitive decline in older adults, particularly those with existing health issues. This study analyzed cognitive changes in Shanghai residents before and after the pandemic lockdown.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic poses health threats, with potential cognitive impacts on older adults.
  • Shanghai's strict lockdown (April-May 2022) provides a unique setting to study pandemic effects on cognition.
  • Community-dwelling older adults are a focus for understanding cognitive decline risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.
  • To compare cognitive changes in Shanghai residents before and after the pandemic lockdown.
  • To identify factors influencing accelerated cognitive decline post-pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study (Shanghai Aging Study) of 3792 residents aged ≥50 years (2009-2024).
  • Cognitive function assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and domain-specific tests.
  • Statistical models (event-study, difference-in-differences, mixed-effects) analyzed pandemic's effect on cognitive decline.

Main Results:

  • Steeper MMSE score declines observed in post-pandemic years (2022-2024) compared to pre-pandemic periods.
  • Significant MMSE decline found in post-pandemic participants (Wave3) versus baseline, with no change in pre-pandemic (Wave2).
  • Decline was more pronounced in earlier birth cohorts, those with high baseline p-tau biomarkers, APOE4 carriers, comorbidities, and medication use.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated cognitive decline in Shanghai's older adults.
  • Individuals with pre-existing neurodegenerative conditions or mental health issues showed increased vulnerability.
  • Findings highlight the pandemic's detrimental effect on cognitive health in aging populations.