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Public Health.
Juliana de Sá Novaes1, Michele da Rocha Anselmo1,2, Gabriela Tomé Oliveira Engelmann3,4
1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Cognitive decline in older adults may improve with hearing loss treatment and higher education. The P300 electrophysiological test shows potential for dementia diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Neuroscience
- Audiology
Background:
- Brazil's aging population faces significant cognitive decline, including Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorders.
- Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) is common and linked to functional decline, depression, social isolation, and cognitive impairment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between aging, cognitive status, and hearing.
- To evaluate the utility of the P300 electrophysiological test in assessing cognitive changes and dementia.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal evaluation of six older adults over a decade (2013-2023).
- Inclusion of medical, neuropsychological, and audiological assessments.
- Utilized the P300 electrophysiological test for brainwave analysis.
Main Results:
- Four out of six participants showed improvement or remission of Mild Cognitive Impairment.
- Remission cases were associated with over 10 years of education or hearing loss treatment.
- Increased P300 latency was observed in the two cases diagnosed with dementia.
Conclusions:
- Hearing loss treatment and higher education may positively influence cognitive status in older adults.
- The P300 test shows promise as a non-invasive tool for aiding dementia diagnosis.
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