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Social support benefits verbal encoding in older Asian Americans but may worsen working memory, especially with depression. Further research is needed on mental health

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Perceived social support is a known protective factor against cognitive decline in older adults.
  • Research on first-generation immigrants, particularly older Asian Americans, regarding social support and cognition is limited.
  • This study examines the nuanced relationship between social support and cognitive domains in this specific demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between perceived social support and cognitive functions in first-generation older Asian Americans.
  • To explore how social support uniquely impacts different cognitive domains, including verbal encoding, memory, attention, and working memory.
  • To examine the moderating role of depression in the relationship between social support and cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 141 first-generation older Asian Americans (Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese) aged 65+ in California.
  • Cognitive assessments included the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (verbal encoding/memory) and Digit Span Forward/Backward (attention/working memory).
  • Perceived social support was measured using the National Latino and Asian American Study Social Network Scale; analyses included multivariable linear regression and moderation.

Main Results:

  • Greater perceived social support correlated with better verbal encoding (p=0.003).
  • Conversely, higher social support was linked to worse auditory working memory (p=0.001).
  • Depression significantly moderated the social support-working memory link, exacerbating the negative impact (p=0.033).

Conclusions:

  • Social support demonstrates a complex, domain-specific association with cognitive function in older first-generation Asian Americans.
  • Positive effects on verbal encoding highlight the value of support systems for this population.
  • Further investigation into the interplay of mental health conditions like depression is crucial for understanding social support's impact on working memory.