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Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary

Environmental noise exposure is linked to higher gray to white matter signal intensity ratio (GWR), a new neurodegeneration biomarker in Alzheimer's disease. This finding suggests noise impacts brain structure, potentially increasing Alzheimer's risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Environmental noise exposure is linked to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Few studies have investigated the direct association between noise exposure and brain structural changes.
  • The cortical gray to white matter signal intensity ratio (GWR) is a potential biomarker for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between environmental noise exposure levels and GWR.
  • To explore GWR as a novel biomarker for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To determine if noise exposure affects brain structure as measured by GWR.

Main Methods:

  • 106 cognitively normal participants were categorized into high- and low-noise exposure groups based on WHO guidelines.
  • 3D T1-weighted MRI images were used to calculate GWR values for each cerebral vertex.
  • T-tests and correlation analyses were performed to compare GWR between groups and with noise levels.

Main Results:

  • The high noise exposure group exhibited significantly higher whole-brain GWR compared to the low noise group (p=0.036).
  • Specific regions, including the left superior frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus, showed significantly higher GWR in the high noise group (p<0.05).
  • Whole-brain and regional GWR values positively correlated with both daytime and nighttime noise levels.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental noise exposure is significantly associated with GWR, a novel biomarker for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
  • This study provides evidence linking noise exposure to structural brain changes relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
  • GWR may serve as a valuable indicator in understanding the impact of environmental noise on brain health.