Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations between antipsychotics exposure and dementia risk: A prospective cohort study of 415,100 participants.

Journal of affective disorders·2024
Same author

Amyloid Pathology Modulates the Associations of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms with Cognitive Impairments and Neurodegeneration in Non-Demented Elderly.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2023
Same author

Exploring the links among peripheral immunity, biomarkers, cognition, and neuroimaging in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2023
Same author

Differential Associations of APOEɛ2 and APOEɛ4 Genotypes with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Individuals Without Dementia.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2023
Same author

Peripheral immunity and risk of incident brain disorders: a prospective cohort study of 161,968 participants.

Translational psychiatry·2023
Same author

Associations between liver function and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in non-demented adults: The CABLE study.

Journal of neurochemistry·2023
Same journal

Breaking barriers: Enhancing access to dementia clinical trials in the United Kingdom-Insights from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Dame Barbara Windsor Dementia Goals Programme.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the procoagulant state in Alzheimer's disease: A novel PET imaging strategy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Estimated labor market outcomes of people progressing from preclinical to early-stage Alzheimer's disease in the United States.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Amyloid exacerbates tau and alpha-synuclein pathologies, behavioral impairments, and neuroinflammation in a mixed dementia model.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Zuo-Teng Wang1, Lan Tan2, Yujing Lin3

  • 1Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement 1q (C1q) mediates the link between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, including tau and GFAP. This suggests C1q's role in AD progression alongside ApoE.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression is linked to neuroinflammation and pathology.
  • Complement 1q (C1q) and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are implicated in AD.
  • Previous studies reported associations of C1q and ApoE with AD pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine associations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) C1q and ApoE with AD biomarkers.
  • To investigate C1q's mediating role in the relationship between ApoE and AD biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CSF proteomics data from two datasets (SomaScan and MRM).
  • Linear regression to assess CSF ApoE and C1q associations.
  • Mediation and structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore ApoE and C1q relationships with AD biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • CSF ApoE positively correlated with CSF C1q in all participants.
  • C1q mediated ApoE's association with tau (T-tau, p-tau), sTREM2, and GFAP.
  • No mediation was observed for ApoE's association with amyloid-beta or progranulin.

Conclusions:

  • C1q is associated with ApoE in CSF.
  • C1q mediates ApoE's link to key AD biomarkers, suggesting a role in AD pathogenesis.
  • Findings highlight the interplay between C1q and ApoE in Alzheimer's disease progression.