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Public Health.
Monique Chaaya1, Aya El Sammak1, Tanya El Khoury1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
Summary
Poor glycemic control in older adults is linked to significant declines in memory recall and orientation. Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is crucial for preserving cognitive function in aging populations.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing globally, disproportionately affecting low-to-middle income countries (LMICs).
- Diabetes is associated with cognitive decline, yet underlying mechanisms and the impact of glycemic control remain incompletely understood.
- Limited research exists on diabetes and cognitive function in LMICs, highlighting a critical knowledge gap.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between glycemic control and domain-specific cognitive function in older adults residing in Lebanon.
- To examine how different levels of glycemic control, including poor control, affect memory, language, executive function, orientation, and visuospatial abilities.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Lebanon Study on Aging and HeAlth (LSAHA) cohort (n=3,027, age 60+).
- Categorized glycemic control based on HbA1c levels: proper control (<6.5%), controlled diabetes (<6.5%), and poor control (>6.5%).
- Employed regression models adjusted for covariates to assess cognitive performance across memory, language, executive function, orientation, and visuospatial domains.
Main Results:
- Poor glycemic control was significantly associated with decreased immediate recall (-0.59) and delayed recall (IRR 0.94).
- Participants with poor glycemic control showed lower odds of performing well in orientation tasks (OR=0.71).
- No significant associations were observed for language, visuospatial, or executive function domains.
Conclusions:
- Glycemic control is a critical factor influencing cognitive performance in older adults.
- Poor glycemic control is linked to deficits in memory and orientation, underscoring the need for effective diabetes management.
- Prioritizing blood sugar management is essential for mitigating cognitive decline in aging populations, particularly in LMICs.
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