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Public Health.

Monique Chaaya1, Aya El Sammak1, Tanya El Khoury1

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Poor glycemic control in older adults is linked to significant declines in memory recall and orientation. Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is crucial for preserving cognitive function in aging populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing globally, disproportionately affecting low-to-middle income countries (LMICs).
  • Diabetes is associated with cognitive decline, yet underlying mechanisms and the impact of glycemic control remain incompletely understood.
  • Limited research exists on diabetes and cognitive function in LMICs, highlighting a critical knowledge gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between glycemic control and domain-specific cognitive function in older adults residing in Lebanon.
  • To examine how different levels of glycemic control, including poor control, affect memory, language, executive function, orientation, and visuospatial abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Lebanon Study on Aging and HeAlth (LSAHA) cohort (n=3,027, age 60+).
  • Categorized glycemic control based on HbA1c levels: proper control (<6.5%), controlled diabetes (<6.5%), and poor control (>6.5%).
  • Employed regression models adjusted for covariates to assess cognitive performance across memory, language, executive function, orientation, and visuospatial domains.

Main Results:

  • Poor glycemic control was significantly associated with decreased immediate recall (-0.59) and delayed recall (IRR 0.94).
  • Participants with poor glycemic control showed lower odds of performing well in orientation tasks (OR=0.71).
  • No significant associations were observed for language, visuospatial, or executive function domains.

Conclusions:

  • Glycemic control is a critical factor influencing cognitive performance in older adults.
  • Poor glycemic control is linked to deficits in memory and orientation, underscoring the need for effective diabetes management.
  • Prioritizing blood sugar management is essential for mitigating cognitive decline in aging populations, particularly in LMICs.