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Public Health
C Elizabeth Shaaban1,2, Ashley V Hill3, Alyssa Smith4
1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
Summary
Discrimination experiences are linked to worse self-reported cognitive function in midlife women. Subjective cognitive decline, particularly in memory and executive function, was associated with discrimination, independent of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Public Health
- Psychology
Background:
- Persistent disparities in late-life brain health exist across gender/sex and racialized groups.
- Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a recognized midlife risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).
- Discrimination is an emerging risk factor for both HDP and cognitive decline.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between discrimination and cognitive function in midlife women.
- To determine if this association is independent of HDP.
- To explore specific cognitive domains affected by discrimination.
Main Methods:
- 580 women from a clinical cohort completed the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA), and Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog).
- Data collected included demographics, race, and history of HDP.
- Linear regression models were used to test associations, adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- Greater discrimination reported on the EDS was significantly associated with worse subjective cognitive function (ECog scores).
- No significant association was found between EDS and objective cognitive performance (T-MoCA scores).
- All domains of subjective cognition, particularly organization, memory, divided attention, and planning, were associated with discrimination.
Conclusions:
- Subjective cognitive measures are more sensitive to the effects of discrimination than objective measures.
- Discrimination is associated with impairments in executive and memory domains.
- Discrimination may impact daily functioning and increase the risk of cognitive impairment prior to late life.
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