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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Manxi Yang1, Ruqoyat Abdulsalam2, Wenjun Fan1

  • 1University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) peoples have higher Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) prevalence. Addressing disparities in risk factors like diabetes and alcohol use disorder is crucial for mitigating ADRD risk in AI/AN communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations experience a growing burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).
  • Existing dementia risk factor research primarily focuses on the general population, leaving a gap in understanding ADRD-specific risks for AI/AN individuals.
  • This study aims to identify and analyze health conditions associated with ADRD in older AI/AN populations, comparing them to White populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of ADRD and associated health conditions among older AI/AN Medicare beneficiaries.
  • To examine disparities in ADRD prevalence and risk factors between AI/AN and White Medicare beneficiaries.
  • To assess the association between various health conditions and ADRD in these populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the 2019 Medicare Master Beneficiary Summary File for beneficiaries aged 68 and older.
  • Inclusion of all AI/AN beneficiaries and a 5% random sample of White beneficiaries.
  • Utilized logistic regression to examine associations between health conditions (Lancet risk factors and other ADRD-associated conditions) and ADRD prevalence.

Main Results:

  • AI/AN beneficiaries showed a higher age-adjusted prevalence of ADRD (15.6% vs. 13.3%) compared to White beneficiaries.
  • AI/AN individuals had a higher prevalence of 5 out of 9 Lancet risk factors, including diabetes, alcohol use disorder (AUD), tobacco use disorder, visual impairment, and hearing loss.
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI), AUD, visual impairment, and hearing loss demonstrated stronger associations with ADRD in AI/AN beneficiaries compared to Whites.

Conclusions:

  • Older AI/AN Medicare beneficiaries exhibit higher ADRD prevalence and a greater burden of several key risk factors compared to their White counterparts.
  • Specific conditions like TBI, AUD, visual impairment, and hearing loss are more strongly linked to ADRD in the AI/AN population.
  • Targeted interventions addressing disparities in these risk factors are essential for reducing ADRD burden among AI/AN peoples; further longitudinal research is recommended.