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Public Health.

Kensaku Kasuga1, Soichiro Shimizu2, Noriyuki Kimura3

  • 1Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.

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|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostic journey in Japan takes about 2.2 years. The longest delay occurs before the first medical visit, highlighting the need for increased awareness and prompt consultation for earlier AD diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for effective treatment.
  • The diagnostic journey for AD patients in Japan remains poorly understood.
  • This study investigates the timeline and bottlenecks in AD diagnosis in Japan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time from symptom onset to diagnosis in Japanese AD patients.
  • To identify the primary limiting step in the diagnostic pathway for Alzheimer's disease.
  • To analyze diagnostic delays in both early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 138 patients diagnosed with probable AD dementia or MCI due to AD in Japan (2011-2023).
  • Subjects aged 18-79, categorized into EOAD (<65 years) and LOAD (≥65 years), matched 1:1.
  • Data extracted from electronic medical records, focusing on time intervals from symptom onset to diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • The average time from symptom onset to AD diagnosis was 121.8 ± 88.9 weeks (approx. 2.2 years).
  • The longest delay was observed between symptom onset and the first medical visit (77.0 ± 74.4 weeks).
  • Subsequent delays included: first visit to specialist referral (34.9 ± 49.2 weeks) and specialist referral to diagnosis (10.5 ± 18.8 weeks).

Conclusions:

  • The total diagnostic duration for Alzheimer's disease in Japan is approximately 2.2 years.
  • Minimizing the time from symptom onset to initial medical contact is key to shortening the overall diagnostic period.
  • Raising public and patient awareness about AD symptoms and the importance of early consultation is vital for timely treatment.