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Related Concept Videos

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Deepika Dinesh1, Xochitl Morgan2, Tammy M Scott3

  • 1Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
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PubMed
Summary

Gut bacteria and viruses impact cognitive function. In Puerto Rican adults, better cognition was linked to more Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and fewer Carjivirus communis phages.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Gut microbiome and virome alterations are implicated in cognitive function.
  • Hispanics/Latinos face higher Alzheimer's risk, yet gut microbiome research in this demographic is limited.
  • The gut-brain axis highlights bidirectional communication between gut microbes and the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gut bacteriome and virome variations associated with cognitive function in older Puerto Rican adults.
  • To address the research gap in understanding the gut microbiome and virome in the context of cognitive health within this population.

Main Methods:

  • Fecal metagenomic sequencing and cognitive assessments (Global Cognitive Score - GCS) were performed on 316 participants.
  • Bacterial and viral taxonomic profiling utilized MetaPhlAN 4.0 and BAQLaVa 1.0, respectively.
  • Multivariate linear regression (MaAsLin2) analyzed associations between microbial/viral composition and GCS, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in overall bacterial or viral diversity (alpha and beta) were found based on GCS.
  • Higher GCS (better cognitive function) was associated with an enrichment of the bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p=0.01).
  • Worse cognitive function was associated with a depletion of the phage Carjivirus communis (p<0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate-producing bacterium, was linked to better cognitive function.
  • Carjivirus communis, a dsDNA bacteriophage, was associated with worse cognitive function.
  • Gut viral composition may influence cognitive health by modulating gut bacteria, warranting further investigation into bacteriome-virome interactions.