Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SMILES-based degree molecular descriptors and machine learning for QSPR modeling of anti-alkaptonuria drugs.

Frontiers in chemistry·2026
Same author

Soil water harvest inspired by desert horned lizards, <i>Phrynosoma platyrhinos</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Machine-Learning-Assisted Triple-Gated Raman Enhancement Platform for Selectively Quantifying Lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0) as a Potential Biomarker for Cognitive Impairments.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

A Variational Mean-Field Control Framework for Graph Representation Learning.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same author

Geo-Mamba: Geometry-informed state-space learning of functional brain organization.

Medical image analysis·2026
Same author

Excited State Relaxation Dynamics in Benzophenone and <i>meta</i>-Methyl Benzophenone Revealed by Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of CSF and plasma tau species as fluid surrogate candidates for tau PET in prodromal to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with cognition and dementia risk in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage modifies the efficacy of intensive blood pressure control on cognitive outcomes: A post hoc analysis of SPRINT MIND.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Evidence of APOE4-related brain vulnerabilities in verbal memory systems in midlife women.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Changes in DNA methylation-based aging predicts brain damage and dementia and reflects life-course cardiovascular risk.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Hyuna Cho1, Ziquan Wei2, Seungjoo Lee1

  • 1POSTECH, Pohang, Korea, Republic of (South).

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new generative model to simulate Alzheimer's disease progression using brain measurements. The model accurately captures disease dynamics and outperforms existing methods for analyzing sparse longitudinal data.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) are irreversible, necessitating early detection.
  • Modeling AD progression is challenging due to sparse, irregularly sampled longitudinal patient data.
  • Existing generative models fail to account for the ordinal nature and temporal gaps in disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel conditional generative model for synthesizing long-term brain regional measurements.
  • To incorporate disease-relevant ordinal conditions, such as age and diagnostic labels, into the generative process.
  • To address the limitations of current methods in handling sparse and irregularly sampled longitudinal data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three AD biomarkers (cortical thickness, Amyloid SUVR, FDG SUVR) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative across 148 brain regions.
  • Employed an ordinal regression model to learn global disease progression patterns based on age and diagnostic labels (CN to AD).
  • Developed a conditional diffusion model to sequentially estimate differences between pseudo-samples, reconstructing observed data and handling temporal gaps.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method significantly outperformed nine generative baselines across Wasserstein distance, Root Mean Squared Error, and Jensen-Shannon Divergence metrics.
  • Qualitative analysis demonstrated that generated data closely resembled ground truth, with significant brain regions showing condition-specific variations.
  • The model exhibited sensitivity to input conditions (age and diagnostic label), aligning with established Alzheimer's disease progression patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The novel method effectively characterizes realistic disease dynamics by integrating ordinal regression with a diffusion model.
  • The approach successfully handles data heterogeneity and sparse intervals through iterative pseudo-sample difference estimation.
  • The model's superior performance offers potential for advancing the understanding of Alzheimer's disease progression, age, and stage relationships.