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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Shannon Halloway1, Michael E Schoeny2, Laura D Baker3

  • 1University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Harmonizing lifestyle health behavior data from over 9,500 older adults can reveal how physical activity, diet, and social engagement impact cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Lifestyle behaviors like physical activity, cognitive activity, healthy diet, and social activity may reduce cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) risk.
  • Evidence supporting these behaviors is inconsistent across observational and experimental studies.
  • Participant-level data harmonization offers improved statistical power and precision to study behavior change and cognitive outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To harmonize existing participant-level data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) within the InLife (Individualized Lifestyle Change For Every Aging Brain) project.
  • To examine how intervention-related changes in lifestyle health behaviors impact cognitive outcomes in diverse older adults.
  • To identify specific behaviors and magnitude of change with the greatest cognitive impact and explore variations by health determinants.

Main Methods:

  • Data harmonization from 12 U.S. RCTs involving over 9,500 older adults.
  • Utilizing a scalable item-response theory framework for data linkage and comparability assessment.
  • Assessing the impact of lifestyle health behavior changes on cognitive outcomes (episodic memory, executive function, perceptual speed, global cognition).

Main Results:

  • Analysis will assess how changes in physical activity, cognitive activity, healthy diet, and social activity influence cognitive function.
  • Investigating health determinants that may enhance or inhibit these relationships.
  • Subgroup analyses will focus on individuals at higher risk for cognitive decline or underrepresented groups.

Conclusions:

  • The InLife project establishes a framework for data harmonization to reduce cognitive impairment and ADRD risk.
  • The initiative actively seeks additional trial data to expand the sample size and generalizability.
  • Findings have the potential to inform clinical guidelines for promoting cognitive health through realistic lifestyle interventions in aging populations.