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Related Concept Videos

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Related Experiment Video

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Public Health.

Hanadi Shamrok1, Tal Davidy2, Iscka Yore3

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This study explores combining intranasal insulin (INI) with semaglutide to improve cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Results will inform a larger trial on this novel therapeutic approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) face cognitive decline.
  • Intranasal insulin (INI) and semaglutide show promise for cerebrovascular and insulin signaling pathways.
  • Combining INI and semaglutide may offer synergistic cognitive benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of combining intranasal insulin (INI) with oral semaglutide in older adults with MetS and MCI.
  • To explore the efficacy of this combination on cognitive function and neurobiological markers.
  • To lay the groundwork for a large-scale randomized clinical trial.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial involving 80 participants aged >60 years with MetS and MCI.
  • Four treatment arms: INI/oral semaglutide, intranasal placebo/oral semaglutide, INI/oral placebo, intranasal placebo/oral placebo for 12 months.
  • Feasibility assessed by ease of use, adherence, and safety; efficacy by cognitive tests and neuroimaging biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Data collection ongoing since March 2024; 19 participants randomized to date.
  • Screening identified challenges in meeting MCI and MetS criteria.
  • Randomized participants (N=19) are aged ~67 years, with obesity (BMI 32.8), mild cognitive impairment (MMSE 25.0), and controlled HbA1c (5.6%).

Conclusions:

  • This feasibility study is expected to support a larger trial on INI and semaglutide for cognitive enhancement.
  • The combination targets key pathways in cognitive decline, offering a potential new therapy for MetS patients at high dementia risk.
  • This approach addresses an understudied population with significant unmet needs.