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Public Health.

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  • 1Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low dietary sodium intake, not high intake, is linked to faster cognitive decline in older adults, particularly affecting memory and perceptual speed. Further research into sodium and dementia neuropathology is recommended.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Inconsistent findings exist regarding the link between dietary sodium intake and cognitive function.
  • This study investigates the association between daily sodium consumption and cognitive decline in older adults living in the community.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between daily dietary sodium intake and the rate of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

Main Methods:

  • 1520 individuals without dementia were analyzed from the Rush Memory and Aging Project.
  • Annual cognitive evaluations and food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate sodium intake over a mean follow-up of 7.6 years.
  • Linear mixed-effect models assessed associations between baseline sodium intake quintiles and cognitive decline, adjusting for various health factors.

Main Results:

  • The lowest quintile of sodium intake (1764 mg/day) was associated with faster global cognitive decline (p=0.009).
  • This association persisted after adjusting for BMI, blood pressure, physical activity, diet quality, and medical history, but not APOE-ε4 allele.
  • Low sodium intake was also linked to faster declines in episodic memory, semantic memory, and perceptual speed.

Conclusions:

  • Low dietary sodium intake, not high intake, is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in older adults.
  • The decline was particularly noted in memory and perceptual speed domains.
  • Further investigation is required to understand the connection between sodium intake and dementia-related neuropathologies.