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Dual-task (DT) training significantly improved cognitive function in older adults residing in long-term care centers. This intervention enhanced dual-task performance and overall cognitive status, showing benefits beyond affective and functional improvements.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Difficulty with simultaneous task performance in older adults is a recognized marker for Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
  • Dual-task (DT) training offers cognitive, emotional, and functional benefits for various age groups.
  • Long-term care centers (LTCCs) present a unique environment for interventions due to high rates of frailty and cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of DT training in improving cognitive, affective, and functional status in older adults within LTCCs.
  • To determine if DT training benefits generalize to overall cognitive status.
  • To assess the impact of DT training on dual-task performance specifically.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 94 older adults (mean age 86.53) from 10 LTCCs in NW Spain.
  • Participants were assigned to either a DT training group (46) or a control group (48) receiving standard cognitive stimulation.
  • Intervention involved 10 weekly 50-minute sessions of combined physical-cognitive, physical-physical, and cognitive-cognitive tasks; assessments included cognitive (MoCA, fluency), affective, and functional tests pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • A significant Group x Time interaction was observed in the dual-task conditions for both paper-and-pencil (p < 0.01) and fluency tasks (p < 0.001).
  • The MoCA test scores also showed a significant Group x Time interaction (p < 0.001), indicating improved cognitive status.
  • No significant effects were found for affective or functional measures as covariates.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults who underwent DT training demonstrated significant cognitive gains compared to the control group.
  • The improvements in cognitive function were generalized, irrespective of participants' affective or functional status.
  • DT training is a viable and effective intervention for enhancing cognitive performance in older adults in LTCC settings.