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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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Managed Care System:
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Jovana Jovanovska1, Corinne D Engelman2

  • 1University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

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|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher polygenic risk scores (PRS) are linked to earlier onset of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). This finding aids in identifying individuals at higher genetic risk for earlier intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) neuropathology begins years before clinical symptoms.
  • APOE ε4 is a major genetic risk factor, but doesn't explain all LOAD risk.
  • Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregate variants to predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and age at onset (AAO).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between higher polygenic risk scores (PRS) and earlier age at onset (AAO) for LOAD.
  • To assess PRS utility across diverse ancestries, addressing limitations of European-centric models.
  • To investigate PRS predictive power in a multi-ancestry cohort from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from three ADSP cohorts (1261 participants: 466 LOAD cases, 795 controls) across European, African American, and Hispanic ancestries.
  • Derived PRS from 40 variants identified in a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS).
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards models with age as the timescale, adjusting for sex and APOE score, categorizing participants into PRS quintiles.

Main Results:

  • A higher PRS was significantly associated with an earlier AAO for LOAD.
  • Individuals in the highest PRS quintile (80-100%) exhibited a 45% increased hazard of developing LOAD compared to the lowest quintile (0-20%) (HR=1.45, p=0.013).
  • Median AAO decreased stepwise with increasing PRS, from 83 years in the lowest quintile to 77 years in the highest.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated PRS is a significant predictor of earlier AAO in LOAD, enhancing identification of high-risk individuals.
  • Multi-ancestry PRS models show promise but require larger datasets for improved accuracy.
  • Future PRS models could be refined by integrating genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors for diverse populations.