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Public Health.

Mayra L Estrella1,2, Maude Wagner1,3, Robert S Wilson1,3,4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive activities benefit some older adults but not all. Lifetime cognitive activity slowed decline in White adults, but hastened it in Latino adults, with no effect in Black adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitively stimulating activities and resources are linked to reduced cognitive decline in older White adults.
  • Research on cognitive activity and decline in diverse racial and ethnic groups is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association of lifetime cognitive activity and cognitive resources with cognitive change in diverse older adult populations.
  • To investigate potential racial and ethnic differences in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1,709 non-Hispanic White, 768 non-Hispanic Black, and 325 Latino older adults from the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center cohort.
  • Assessment of lifetime and life-stage specific cognitive activities and resources.
  • Use of linear mixed-effects models to examine associations with global cognitive change, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Frequent cognitive activity and resources were linked to higher initial cognitive levels across all groups.
  • Lifetime cognitive activity was associated with cognitive change: slower decline in White adults, faster decline in Latino adults (childhood/young adulthood), and no association in Black adults.
  • Cognitive resources were not associated with cognitive change in any subgroup.

Conclusions:

  • Racial and ethnic differences exist in the relationship between cognitive activity and cognitive change.
  • Traditional measures of cognitive activities may not be universally applicable across all older adult populations.
  • Future research should explore novel measures of cognitive activity and resources.