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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Lily Francis1,2,3, Alexa S Beiser4,5,6,7, Sophia Lu8

  • 1Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Moderate to severe hearing loss increases dementia risk, particularly in individuals under 70 and APOE-ε4 carriers. Early screening and management of hearing loss may help reduce dementia risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Hearing loss is a known risk factor for dementia, but the specific dementia subtypes and modifying factors remain unclear.
  • This study investigates the link between hearing loss and various dementia types, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between hearing loss and all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.
  • To identify potential effect modifiers of the hearing loss-dementia association within the Framingham Study cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Framingham Study, including participants over 60 years old with audiometry results and dementia surveillance for up to 40 years.
  • Defined hearing loss as a pure-tone average > 25 dB in the better ear, categorizing severity using NHATS criteria.
  • Diagnosed dementia subtypes (all-cause, Alzheimer's, vascular) using established clinical criteria (DSM IV, NINCDS-ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN).

Main Results:

  • Moderate to severe hearing loss was linked to a 30% increased risk of all-cause dementia.
  • The association was more pronounced in individuals younger than 70 years at the time of hearing assessment.
  • The risk was significantly elevated in APOE-ε4 carriers, especially for Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing loss is associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.
  • The risk is greatest for individuals under 70 and those carrying the APOE-ε4 gene variant.
  • Mid-life screening and management of hearing loss could potentially mitigate dementia risk.