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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) combined with infections significantly increases dementia risk, especially in APOE4 non-carriers. This combined exposure poses a greater threat than either factor alone.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Environmental Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and infectious agents.
  • Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and APOE4 are identified as significant risk factors for AD.
  • The synergistic effect of infections, TRAP, and APOE4 status on AD risk requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the combined impact of infection history and TRAP exposure on the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (AD+).
  • To assess how APOE4 carrier status modifies the relationship between infections, TRAP, and AD+ risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UK Biobank data from 51,069 females and 48,973 males aged 60-75.
  • Defined high TRAP exposure as residence within 50 meters of a major road.
  • Assessed APOE4 carrier status via the rs429358 (C) allele and employed statistical tests including chi-square and regression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with both infection history and TRAP exposure showed a 164% increased risk of AD+ (RR=2.64).
  • Infections alone increased AD+ risk by 54% (RR=1.54), while TRAP alone had no significant impact.
  • The combined risk was substantially higher in APOE4 non-carriers (RR=4.49), with no significant association observed in APOE4 carriers.

Conclusions:

  • High TRAP exposure exacerbates the dementia risk associated with infections, particularly in APOE4 non-carriers.
  • The strong influence of APOE4 may mask or outweigh the combined effects of infections and TRAP in carriers.
  • Findings highlight the critical interplay between environmental pollutants, infections, and genetic predisposition in dementia development.