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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Nicola A Ward1, Calum Marr1, Leeanne O'Hara1

  • 1Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary

This study estimates dementia and mild cognitive impairment prevalence in Northern Ireland using the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP). Findings will inform dementia risk factor understanding and health policies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dementia affects over 55 million globally, projected to triple by 2050, posing significant public health and economic challenges.
  • Accurate prevalence data and identification of modifiable risk factors are crucial for dementia prevention and management.
  • The Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) standardizes cognitive testing across international longitudinal aging studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide the first dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence estimates in Northern Ireland using a nationally representative sample.
  • To assess the influence of modifiable risk factors on cognitive decline within the Northern Ireland population.
  • To harmonize data with international HCAP cohorts for global dementia research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a subsample of community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 from the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA).
  • Administered nineteen neurocognitive tests and conducted informant interviews to assess cognitive and functional changes.
  • Employed an algorithm integrating cognitive test performance and informant-reported functional decline for dementia and MCI diagnosis, aligning with international standards.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 49.9% participation rate (1,037/2,077) in the NICOLA-HCAP sub-study, with an 83% informant interview completion rate.
  • Participants were 52% female; higher response rates were observed in younger and more educated individuals.
  • Algorithm development for probable dementia and MCI classification is ongoing; planned analyses will explore modifiable risk factors' impact on cognitive domains.

Conclusions:

  • NICOLA-HCAP will yield robust prevalence estimates and risk factor insights crucial for dementia impact assessment in Northern Ireland.
  • Findings will inform future health and social care policies and contribute to international dementia prevention strategies.
  • Data harmonization with other HCAP sub-studies will enhance global understanding of dementia.