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Public Health.
Tiia Ngandu1,2, Alina Solomon2,3,4, Jenni Lehtisalo1,2
1Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
Summary
The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) showed that a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention benefits cognition and lifestyle for at-risk older adults. High adherence led to sustained long-term cognitive and lifestyle improvements.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Public Health
Background:
- The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) demonstrated a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention's positive impact on cognitive function in at-risk older adults.
- Both engagement in intervention activities and achieved lifestyle changes correlated with enhanced cognitive improvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the long-term effects of the FINGER multidomain lifestyle intervention on lifestyle and cognitive function over an 11-year period.
- To assess the sustained impact of lifestyle changes and intervention adherence on cognitive trajectories in older adults.
Main Methods:
- 1259 individuals aged 60-77 at risk for dementia were randomized into a control group (regular health advice) or an intervention group (exercise, diet, cognitive training, vascular risk management) for 2 years.
- Lifestyle was measured using a composite index; cognition was assessed via a neuropsychological test battery. Participants were categorized by intervention engagement (low, intermediate, high).
- Follow-up visits occurred at approximately 5, 7, and 11 years post-baseline to evaluate sustained effects.
Main Results:
- The intervention's positive effect on lifestyles persisted up to 7 years post-baseline.
- High adherence to the intervention was associated with better maintained lifestyles and cognitive trajectories compared to the control group throughout the 11-year period.
- Individuals with high intervention engagement showed significantly better cognitive trajectories up to 7 years compared to the control group and up to 11 years compared to those with low engagement.
Conclusions:
- Two-year multidomain lifestyle interventions can yield beneficial effects on lifestyle and cognition extending several years post-intervention.
- Sustained benefits were particularly evident in participants who adhered well to the intervention program.
- These findings support the broader implementation of such preventive lifestyle interventions for older adults at risk of cognitive decline.
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