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Public Health.

Ingryd Mayara Nascimento Martins-Pais1, Carlos Fermín-Martínez2, Omar Bello-Chavolla3

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Summary

Higher biological age, measured by AnthropoAge, is linked to poorer cognitive performance in older adults globally. This association was not mediated by the protein Klotho, suggesting other factors may be involved.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers of Aging

Background:

  • Chronological age is a primary risk factor for cognitive decline, but it doesn't fully represent aging complexities.
  • AnthropoAge, a novel biological age metric using anthropometric data, predicts mortality better than chronological age.
  • The role of the anti-aging protein Klotho in aging and its potential mediation of aging effects on cognition is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between AnthropoAge and cognitive performance in diverse older adult populations.
  • To determine if the anti-aging protein Klotho mediates the relationship between AnthropoAge and cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from older adults (≥60 years) across multiple international cohorts (NHANES, HRS-HCAP, ELSA-HCAP, LASI-DAD, Mex-Cog).
  • Employed a simplified AnthropoAge metric (age, BMI, waist-to-height ratio) to assess biological age.
  • Assessed cognitive performance via memory, executive function, and verbal fluency, and analyzed associations using linear regression and mediation analysis with Klotho.

Main Results:

  • Analysis included over 7,500 participants from five international cohorts.
  • Higher biological age (AnthropoAge) was significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance across all evaluated countries.
  • The association between AnthropoAge and cognitive performance was not mediated by Klotho levels.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated biological age, as indicated by AnthropoAge, correlates with diminished cognitive performance in older adults.
  • The specific cognitive domains affected varied by country, highlighting population-specific aging patterns.
  • Klotho does not appear to mediate the link between AnthropoAge and cognitive decline, suggesting alternative pathways.