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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Lilah M Besser1, Jana A Hirsch2, Timothy M Hughes3

  • 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Living in greener neighborhoods during midlife is linked to slower cognitive decline later in life. This includes better global cognition and processing speed, highlighting the importance of green spaces for brain health.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Green neighborhoods offer physical activity, social engagement, and stress reduction, which are linked to lower Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk.
  • Midlife exposure to greenness may significantly impact health behaviors relevant to ADRD development.
  • Few studies have explored the connection between midlife greenness exposure and cognitive function in later life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between neighborhood greenness exposure during midlife and cognitive decline in later life.
  • To analyze how green neighborhood environments influence cognitive trajectories over time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 2,881 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants with midlife address history (ages 45-54).
  • Measured midlife neighborhood greenness using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within a 1,230m buffer, derived from LANDSAT satellite imagery.
  • Assessed global cognition (CASI) and processing speed (DSC) over approximately 10 years in participants aged 55+ at baseline, using multivariable linear mixed effects regression.

Main Results:

  • Participants residing in the greenest neighborhoods during midlife exhibited slower annual decline in global cognition (CASI) compared to those in less green areas.
  • Slower processing speed decline (DSC) was also observed in individuals with higher midlife neighborhood greenness exposure.
  • These associations remained significant after controlling for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Living in greener neighborhoods during midlife is associated with preserved cognitive function in later life.
  • The findings suggest that environmental greenness plays a role in mitigating cognitive decline.
  • Promoting green neighborhood environments may be a strategy for supporting long-term brain health.