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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

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Summary

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to worse cognitive function in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Research in LMICs is limited, with ACEs often measured without considering key characteristics like severity or age.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to cognitive decline.
  • Most evidence originates from high-income countries.
  • The impact of ACEs in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze studies on ACEs and cognitive function in LMICs.
  • To synthesize findings on how ACE characteristics are reported in LMIC studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from four electronic databases.
  • Inclusion of studies on ACEs and cognitive function/impairment in older adults in LMICs.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment by two independent authors.

Main Results:

  • 13 articles were included, with emotional neglect, parental death, and childhood illness being most studied.
  • Pooled ACEs showed a negative association with cognitive function (β = -0.27) and a non-significant association with cognitive impairment (OR = 1.12).
  • Parental death and emotional neglect were significantly linked to poorer cognitive function in sub-analyses.

Conclusions:

  • ACEs are associated with increased risk of poor cognitive function and impairment in old age in LMICs.
  • Evidence from LMICs is limited and predominantly from China.
  • Further research in diverse LMICs is needed, considering ACE characteristics like frequency, severity, and age at exposure.