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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Public Health.

Rong Zhou1, Suhang Shang1, Ling Gao1

  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An unhealthy lifestyle significantly increases the risk of cognitive decline in adults over 40. This risk is particularly pronounced in males, middle-aged individuals, those with less education, and people with a history of stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Unhealthy lifestyles are linked to cognitive impairment, but the impact of combined lifestyle factors remains unclear.
  • Cognitive decline is a growing concern in aging populations worldwide.
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for developing preventive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between lifestyle factors and cognitive decline in cognitively normal adults aged 40 and older.
  • To quantify the risk of cognitive decline associated with an unhealthy lifestyle.
  • To identify specific demographic and clinical subgroups at higher risk.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based cohort study with cluster random sampling in Xi'an.
  • Follow-up of cognitively normal subjects for 4 years.
  • Calculation of a comprehensive lifestyle score (smoking, drinking, exercise, diet).
  • Assessment of global cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  • Definition of significant cognitive decline as a drop of ≥ 4 points in MMSE score.
  • Application of multivariable logistic regression, propensity score correction, and propensity score matching.

Main Results:

  • 1348 participants were enrolled; 56 (4.2%) experienced significant cognitive decline.
  • 304 participants (22.6%) had an unhealthy lifestyle (comprehensive score <6).
  • Unhealthy lifestyle was significantly associated with cognitive decline (OR=2.780, p=0.006), confirmed by propensity score analysis (OR=3.994, p=0.006).
  • Increased risk was observed in males (OR=5.541), those ≤60 years (OR=2.630), with ≤6 years of education (OR=2.691), and a history of stroke (OR=2.673).

Conclusions:

  • An unhealthy lifestyle is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline in adults aged 40 and older.
  • The association is particularly strong in males, middle-aged individuals, those with lower educational attainment, and individuals with a history of stroke.
  • These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles for cognitive health maintenance in aging populations.