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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

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Public Health.

Ariana M Stickel1, Wassim Tarraf2, Mariana Montoya3

  • 1San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.

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Summary

Hispanic/Latino women reported more subjective cognitive decline (SCD) than men, especially in language and visuospatial domains. These sex differences lessened with lower cardiovascular disease risk and greater English language use.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a potential early sign of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
  • Sex/gender differences in SCD are documented, but their impact on diverse populations remains understudied.
  • Cardiovascular disease risk, mood disorders, and acculturation may influence sex-based variations in SCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between sex and SCD in Hispanic/Latino adults.
  • To examine how cardiovascular disease risk, mood, and acculturation modify the association between sex and SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5,985 Hispanic/Latino adults (ages 50+) from the SOL-INCA study.
  • SCD assessed using the Everyday Cognition 12-item questionnaire (overall and domain-specific).
  • Survey-adjusted linear regressions and interaction analyses explored sex differences and modifier effects.

Main Results:

  • Males reported less global SCD and less decline in most domains compared to females.
  • Sex differences persisted in language and visuospatial SCD domains after full adjustment.
  • Sex disparities in language SCD were smaller with lower cardiovascular risk; visuospatial SCD differences were smaller with higher language acculturation.

Conclusions:

  • Female Hispanic/Latino adults reported more SCD, particularly in language and visuospatial functions.
  • Lower cardiovascular disease risk and higher language acculturation reduced these sex-based differences.
  • Further research is needed on biopsychosocial factors influencing sex and SCD relationships.