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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Rebecca Mullen1, Lauren Gunn-Sandell1, Nichole E Carlson1

  • 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Loneliness is prevalent in older adults and linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptom severity. Higher loneliness was associated with being asymptomatic, but not with perceived stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Loneliness is a known risk factor for cognitive decline and poor health in older adults, including those with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Limited research has explored the interplay of loneliness and perceived stress in individuals across the cognitive spectrum, with and without AD.
  • This study aimed to assess the association between loneliness and perceived stress in older adults with varying cognitive statuses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between loneliness and perceived stress in older adults.
  • To examine differences in loneliness and perceived stress based on Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptom status.
  • To explore the relationship between loneliness severity and cognitive status in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 136 older adults (96 asymptomatic, 40 symptomatic for AD).
  • Participants completed cognitive testing, the UCLA Loneliness Survey, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).
  • Multivariable regression analysis was used, controlling for age, sex, education, depression symptoms, and social isolation.

Main Results:

  • The majority of participants reported moderate to high levels of loneliness.
  • Loneliness severity was significantly associated with AD symptom status (p=0.016), with higher loneliness linked to asymptomatic status.
  • No statistically significant association was found between loneliness severity and perceived stress (p=0.10).

Conclusions:

  • Loneliness is common among older adults, irrespective of cognitive status.
  • Increased loneliness severity is significantly associated with the absence of AD symptoms.
  • The lack of association between loneliness and perceived stress may highlight the role of other factors, such as social support.