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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Public Health.

Willa D Brenowitz1, Michael L Lee2, Caitlin S Latimer3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hearing loss is linked to hippocampal sclerosis. Hearing aid use, however, was associated with lower Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) levels, suggesting potential benefits for brain health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hearing loss is a known risk factor for dementia.
  • The mechanisms linking hearing loss to dementia and the protective effects of hearing aids are not fully understood.
  • Community-based studies examining hearing, hearing aid use, and brain autopsy neuropathology are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between hearing impairment, hearing aid use, and neuropathologic features in older adults.
  • To explore differences in neuropathologic profiles (Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change, Lewy body disease, hippocampal sclerosis, vascular brain injury) between individuals with and without hearing impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of autopsy and clinical hearing history data from 850 participants (≥65 years) in the Adult Changes in Thought study.
  • Determination of hearing impairment and hearing aid use via medical record review.
  • Logistic regression models used to assess associations, adjusting for covariates; relative risks (RR) estimated using marginal standardization.

Main Results:

  • 67.1% of participants had documented hearing loss; 36.8% used hearing aids.
  • Hearing loss was associated with hippocampal sclerosis (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.003, 1.28).
  • Hearing aid use was associated with lower Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) scores (RR per unit increment: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99).

Conclusions:

  • Clinically diagnosed hearing loss in this cohort was linked to hippocampal sclerosis but not other examined neuropathologies.
  • Hearing aid use showed an association with reduced levels of ADNC.
  • Further research is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the causal pathways involved.