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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Public Health.

Sung Hoon Kang1, Yu Jeong Park2

  • 1Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South).

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep apnea increases dementia risk, particularly in women. Obesity exacerbates this risk in women with sleep apnea, highlighting the need for sex-specific prevention strategies for dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Sleep apnea is a growing concern for cognitive health.
  • Understanding its link to dementia is crucial for public health.
  • Investigating sex-specific risks and the role of obesity is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between sleep apnea and incident dementia (Alzheimer's and vascular types).
  • To determine if sleep apnea's impact on dementia differs between sexes.
  • To explore how obesity modifies the sex-specific relationship between sleep apnea and dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized de-identified data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service for patients aged ≥50 years.
  • Included 30,111 individuals with sleep apnea and 121,528 controls, matched for age and sex.
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards regression to analyze dementia development, controlling for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Sleep apnea predicted dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) in both women (HR=1.30) and men (HR=1.13).
  • The adverse effect of sleep apnea on DAT was significantly greater in women (p=0.015).
  • Obesity amplified the detrimental effect of sleep apnea on DAT in women (p=0.002), with no such difference for non-obese sleep apnea.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex differences exist in the adverse effects of sleep apnea on dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
  • Obesity plays a key role in the heightened risk for women with sleep apnea.
  • Tailored, sex-specific interventions for sleep apnea are recommended for dementia prevention.